Experimental study of improved sclerotherapy injection in rat model of vertebral arteriocervical spondylopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To improve the rat model of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type (CSA) induced by injecting sclerosing agent. To evaluate the efficacy of injecting sclerosing agent to induce CSA.@*METHODS@#Forty Health SPF SD rats(20 males and 20 females), were randomly divided into two groups:the model group (20) and the blank group (20). All the animals were followed up for 4 weeks for the observation of general situation, transcranial Doppler(TCD) detection of blood flow velocity, pulsatility index and resistive index of the vertebral artery, measurement of mental distress by open-field test.@*RESULTS@#One to two days after establish the animal model, rats in the model group appeared apathetic with decreased autonomic activities, trembling, squinting, increased eye excrement, etc., and no rats died during the experiment. The mean blood flow velocity of the model group was lower than that of the blank group (P<0.05), and the pulsatilit index and resistive index of the model group were higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). The mental distress of the model group was significantly higher than that of the blank group.@*CONCLUSION@#The modified injection of sclerosing agent is a practical method to establish the rat model of CSA, with high success rate, high stability, low mortality and simple operation.

Escleroterapia con polidocanol en insuficiencia venosa superficial CEAP C1 / Sclerotherapy with polidocanol in superficial venous insufficiency CEAP C1

Insuficiencia venosa es definida como la patología que causa síntomas en los miembros inferiores, incluyendo edema, hiperpigmentación, lipodermatoesclerosis y ulceración e implica una anormalidad funcional del sistema venoso. Objetivo: Se compararon los resultados en cuanto a complicaciones y satisfacción reportada por las pacientes, con la Escleroterapia con Polidocanol utilizando aire y agua como diluyente. Métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio a 60 pacientes del sexo femenino con diagnóstico de Insuficiencia Venosa Superficial CEAP C1, divididas en dos grupos, a las cuales se les aplicó Escleroterapia con Polidocanol mezclado con agua y aire. Se realizó seguimiento durante cuatro semanas donde se recogió la información del paciente con respecto a la mejoría de los síntomas antes de iniciar el tratamiento y los efectos adversos del Polidocanol con ambas terapias. Resultados: Dentro de las complicaciones de ambos tratamientos únicamente fue reportado el Matting en rango leve durante la primera semana. El único síntoma reportado como severo fue Dolor en la escleroterapia con polidocanol mezclado con aire. Los demás signos síntomas fueron reportados dentro del rango de moderado el cual descendió hasta leve entre la segunda y tercera semana, no encontrando reportes a la cuarta semana. La única complicación reportada fue el Matting en la escleroterapia con polidocanol mezclado con aire. Conclusión: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en grado de satisfacción con la eficacia del tratamiento, los efectos adversos, la forma en que se administra el medicamento entre ambos tratamientos de escleroterapia, oscilando los rangos de satisfacción entre el 43 al 70%. (AU)

Venous insufficiency is defined as the pathology that causes symptoms in the lower limbs, including edema, hyperpigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis and ulceration and implies a functional abnormality of the venous system. Objective: The results in terms of complications and satisfaction reported by the patients were compared with Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol using air and water as diluent. Methods: 60 female patients with a diagnosis of Superficial Venous Insufficiency CEAP C1 were included in the study, divided into two groups, to which Sclerotherapy with Polidocanol mixed with water and air was applied. A follow-up was carried out for four weeks where information from the patient was collected regarding the improvement of symptoms before starting treatment and the adverse effects of Polidocanol with both therapies. Results: Within the complications of both treatments, only Matting was reported in a mild range during the first week. The only symptom reported as severe was pain in sclerotherapy with polidocanol mixed with air. The other signs and symptoms were reported within the moderate range, which decreased to mild between the second and third week, finding no reports at the fourth week. The only complication reported was Matting in sclerotherapy with polidocanol mixed with air. Conclusion: No significant differences were found in the degree of satisfaction with the efficacy of the treatment, the adverse effects, the way in which the drug is administered between both sclerotherapy treatments, the satisfaction ranges ranging from 43 to 70%. (AU)

Resección quirúrgica de tapón de cianoacrilato variceal infectado posterior a esclerosis endoscópica de várices gástricas. Caso clínico

In patients with actively bleeding gastric varices, the treatment of choice is the endoscopic use of sclerosing agents such as cyanoacrylate. We report a 69-year-old man who, after being treated with cyanoacrylate, suffered from recurrent febrile episodes. After an extensive study and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, discarding other presumably infectious focus, the superinfection of the cyanoacrylate plug was suspected, and its surgical removal was decided. A partial gastrectomy of the gastric fundus, a splenectomy, and a distal pancreatectomy were performed. The patient evolved without fever and without new episodes of bacteremia, but with decompensation of his cirrhosis manifested by ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, and collections in the pancreatic bed. These complications were managed with medical treatment consisting in a long course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Thereafter, the patient evolved satisfactorily.

Tratamiento de hemangioma lingual con polidocanol al 0.5 %. Relato de caso clínico. / Treatment of lingual hemangioma with 0.5% polidocanol. Clinical case report

El hemangioma, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es una neoplasia vascular benigna, caracterizada por la proliferación anormal de vasos sanguíneos, se presenta como una lesión única, pudiéndose observar en cualquier parte del organismo, sin embargo es más incidente en el área de cabeza y cuello, con predominio en los labios, en la lengua y en la mucosa yugal. Técnicamente, su exrpación quirúrgica es dicil y desafiante, al estar cargada con complicaciones como hemorragia, escisión incompleta, desfiguración facial y recurrencia. Objevo: relatar el caso clínico de un paciente con hemangioma lingual tratado con Polidocanol al 0,5%. Se necesitaron de 4 sesiones de aplicación del agente esclerosaste para que retrocediera completamente la lesión donde en cada infiltración se ulizó 1ml y en la úlma sesión 0.7 ml, logrando en esta úlma obtener la desaparición de la lesión por lo que el pronósco fue bueno. Conclusión: De acuerdo a los resultados de este trabajo el uso del Polidocanol al 0.5% en tratamientos de hemangioma linguales resulta ser una técnica bastante efecva, ya que con su prácca nos da una disminución del volumen de dicha lesión

The hemangioma, according to theWorldHealthOrganizaon (WHO), is a benign vascular neoplasm, characterized by the abnormal proliferaon of blood vessels, it presents as a single lesion, it can be found anywhere in the body, however it is more incident in thearea of the head and neck, predominantlyonthelips, onthetongue and onthejugal mucosa. Technically, its surgical removal is difficult and challenging, incomplete disease, facial disfigurement and recurrence. Objecve: to report the clinical case of a paentwith lingual hemangioma treatedwith 0.5% Polidocanol. iook 4 sessions of applicaon of thesclerosingagent to completelyretrachelesionwhere 1 ml wasused in eachinfiltraon and 0.7 ml in thelastsession, obtainingthedisappear of thelesion in thelaer, so the prognosis wasgood. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of Polidocanol at 0.5% in lingual hemangioma treatmentsis a very effecve technique, and with its pracce we have a decrease in the volume of this lesion

Escleroterapia em lesões vasculares de boca: relato de dois casos clínicos / Sclerotherapy in vascular lesions of the mouth: report of two clinical cases

O hemangioma é uma neoplasia de comportamento benigno, determinada pela proliferação anormal de vasos sanguíneos. São lesões assintomáticas, porém, seu crescimento progressivo pode acarretar danos traumáticos locais, ocasionando dor, ulcerações e até sangramentos, que, dependendo da localização, se tornam de difícil controle, principalmente quando de natureza arterial. Com considerável incidência na região de cabeça e pescoço e na cavidade bucal, acomete mais frequentemente a região de mucosa jugal, lábios e língua. Tendo em vista a sua relevância clínica, por estar presente na sua área de atuação e ser relativamente comum, o conhecimento acerca dessa neoplasia benigna é de fundamental importância ao cirurgião-dentista. Entre os recursos terapêuticos, a escleroterapia química tem sido empregada, apresentando resultados satisfatórios tanto clínicos quanto estéticos. Objetivo: apresentar as características clínicas do hemangioma, os métodos de diagnóstico e o tratamento realizado por meio de escleroterapia química. Relato de caso: são descritos dois casos clínicos de hemangiomas, diagnosticados em duas pacientes do sexo feminino, localizados um em lábio superior e outro em mucosa jugal, tratados por meio de injeção de solução esclerosante. Considerações finais: em ambos os casos, foi possível proporcionar a involução das lesões mediante procedimentos não cirúrgicos, favorecendo, no período pós-operatório, o conforto e a estética, demonstrando a eficiência e a segurança na utilização do oleato de monoetanolamina a 5% (Ethamolin ®). (AU)

Hemangioma is a neoplasm of benign behavior, determined by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. They are asymptomatic lesions, however, their progressive growth can cause local traumatic injuries, causing pain, ulcerations and even bleeding, which, depending on the location, becomes difficult to control, especially when of an arterial nature. With a considerable incidence in the head and neck region, in the oral cavity, it most frequently affects the region of jugal mucosa, lips and tongue. Due to its clinical relevance, because it is present in the area of practice of the dental surgeon and is relatively common, knowledge about this benign neoplasm is of fundamental importance. Among the therapeutic resources, chemical sclerotherapy is employed presenting satisfactory clinical and aesthetic results. Objective: the purpose of this study is to present the clinical characteristics of hemangioma, the diagnostic methods and the treatment performed through chemical sclerotherapy. Case report: this article describes the description of two clinical cases of hemangiomas diagnosed in two female patients, one located in the upper lip and the other in the jugal mucosa treated with sclerosing solution injection. Final considerations: in both cases, it was possible to provide the involution of the lesions by non-surgical procedures, favoring, in the postoperative period, comfort and aesthetics, demonstrating the efficiency and safety in the use of 5% monoethanolamine oleate (Ethamolin®). (AU)

Cerebrovascular ischemia following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy / Isquemia cerebral após escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom

Cerebral ischemia is a very rare and harmful complication of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for treatment of varicose veins. This case describes a documented cerebrovascular ischemia in Broca's area following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Less than one hour after intravenous injection of 10 ml of sclerosing foam, an otherwise healthy woman experienced aphasia without any other signs of neurological changes. When she arrived home, a complete inability to talk was observed. The event was misdiagnosed by another doctor as an allergic reaction. Next morning she came to the office to report the allergic reaction, where an appropriate diagnosis was made. She recovered just two days after the injection, but signs of recent cerebral ischemia were seen in Broca's area on magnetic resonance and transesophageal bubble study echocardiogram revealed a patent foramen ovale. Although rare, we must make great effort to prevent these events instead of treating them

A isquemia cerebral é uma complicação muito rara e perigosa da escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom no tratamento de varizes. Este caso descreve uma isquemia cerebral da área de Broca após escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom. Menos de uma hora após injeção de 10 mL de espuma, uma até então saudável mulher apresentou afasia, sem quaisquer outros sinais neurológicos. No caminho para casa, uma completa incapacidade de fala foi observada. Levada ao hospital mais próximo, foi diagnosticada com reação alérgica. Na manhã seguinte, compareceu ao consultório para relatar a reação alérgica, quando um correto diagnóstico foi feito. Ela ficou recuperada dois dias depois do procedimento, mas uma ressonância magnética mostrou sinais de isquemia recente da área de Broca e um ecocardiograma transesofágico mostrou um forame oval patente. Embora raros, devemos concentrar nossos esforços em prevenir tais eventos para que não precisem de tratamento

Glicose como causa e tratamento de necrose cutânea / Glucose as a cause of and treatment for cutaneous necrosis

A escleroterapia continua sendo um dos procedimentos mais executados pelos cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros. O conhecimento das suas complicações é imprescindível para que possamos evitá-las. Os efeitos colaterais graves desse método de tratamento para as telangiectasias dos membros inferiores são raros e frequentemente associados a um erro técnico ou à dosagem injetada. São predominantemente locais, apresentando-se, algumas vezes, como uma situação de difícil resolução. Relatamos um caso de formação de necrose cutânea após escleroterapia química com glicose hipertônica (75%) e sua cicatrização utilizando preparação tópica contendo vaselina e glicose 60%, cujo resultado estético foi satisfatório

Sclerotherapy remains one of the procedures most frequently performed by Brazilian vascular surgeons. Knowledge of its complications is indispensable to enable us to avoid them. The severe side effects of this method of treatment for telangiectasias of the lower limbs are rare and are often associated with technical errors or the dose injected. Complications are predominantly local, but are sometimes difficult to resolve. We report a case of formation of cutaneous necrosis after chemical sclerotherapy using hypertonic glucose (75%), which healed when treated with a topical preparation containing vaseline and 60% glucose, with satisfactory esthetic results

Tratamento de hemangioma labial por meio da escleroterapia / Labial hemangioma treatment through sclerotherapy: case report

O hemangioma é considerado como uma neoplasia vascular benigna, caracterizado por uma fase de crescimento rápido, com proliferação de células endoteliais, seguida por uma estabilização gradual. A principal queixa dos pacientes portadores dessa neoplasia é referente à estética e, por esse motivo, a escleroterapia vem sendo uma boa opção de tratamento para obter resultados estéticos satisfatórios. Para esse tipo de tratamento, são utilizadas aplicações com oleato de monoetanolamina a 0,05 g/ml (Ethamolin), que promovem a regressão da lesão por fibrose dos espaços endoteliais. No presente artigo, é descrito um relato de caso clínico de uma paciente do sexo feminino, portadora de um hemangioma no lábio superior esquerdo. Foram realizadas três aplicações do agente esclerosante Ethamolin no interior do tumor, até que ele regredisse o suficiente para ser removido cirurgicamente com maior segurança e eficiência. As aplicações com oleato de monoetanolamina proporcionaram a involução do hemangioma de forma rápida e segura, de modo a promover uma esclerose dos vasos tumorais, favorecendo a remoção cirúrgica.

The hemangioma is considered as a benign vascular neoplasm, characterized by a phase of rapid growth, with proliferation of endothelial cells, followed by gradual estabilization. The main complaint of patients with this neoplasm is related to aesthetics and, for this reason, sclerotherapy has been a good treatment option to obtain satisfactory aesthetic results. For this type of treatment, applications with 0.05 g/ml Monoethanolamine Oleate (Ethamolin), which causes regression of the lesion by fibrosis of the endothelial spaces, are used. In the present article a clinical case report of a female patient with a hemangioma in the upper left lip will be described. As a treatment, three applications of the Ethamolin sclerosing agent were performed inside the tumor until it regress to be excised with greater safety and efficiency. The applications with Monoethanolamine Oleate provided a quick hemangioma involution, in order to promote sclerosis of tumor vessels, favoring it surgical removal.

Resultados preliminares do tratamento de insuficiência venosa grave com termoablação da veia safena magna por técnica endovascular com laser de diodo 980nm desenvolvido no Brasil, associado à escleroterapia com polidocanol / Preliminary results of severe venous insufficiency treatment with thermal ablation of the great saphenous vein by endovascular technique with laser diode 980nm developed in Brazil, associated with sclerotherapy with polidocanol

RESUMO A termoablação endovascular das veias safenas insuficientes com laser é descrita como uma técnica menos invasiva, com resultados semelhantes à cirurgia convencional, porém, com efeitos adversos menos frequentes. A técnica de escleroterapia com espuma de polidocanol ecoguiada vem sendo empregada com a mesma finalidade. A combinação de técnicas pode representar uma alternativa para pacientes mais graves, como os portadores de úlcera varicosa. Um equipamento de laser (denominado VELAS) foi desenvolvido no Centro de Pesquisas em Ótica e Fotônica da USP-São Carlos em convênio com a FMB-UNESP para termoablação endoluminal da veia safena insuficiente. Neste estudo apresentamos os resultados preliminares do uso do aparelho de laser VELAS (diodo MMO 980nm) na termoablação endovascular de veias safenas insuficientes, em portadores de úlcera venosa crônica, associado à complementação com espuma de polidocanol para o tratamento de varicosidades, após uma semana. Os desfechos analisados foram o tempo de cicatrização da úlcera venosa, oclusão das veias tratadas e eventos adversos relacionados aos tratamentos. Foram incluídos 12 pacientes portadores de insuficiência de veia safena e úlcera venosa crônica que aceitaram participar do projeto. Todos foram tratados em regime ambulatorial, com anestesia local e termoablação da veia safena insuficiente (VELAS). Após uma semana da cirurgia, as varicosidades foram esclerosadas com polidocanol espuma (técnica de Tessari). O equipamento laser VELAS nacional apresentou fácil manuseio, oclusão venosa total em 83,3% dos pacientes (em sete dias) e a associação das técnicas foi responsável por uma taxa de cicatrização de feridas de 83,3%, sem ocorrência de eventos adversos.

ABSTRACT The endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the insufficient saphenous vein has similar results to open conventional surgery, but less morbidity. The echo-guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy technique has been used for the same purpose. The combined techniques may play a role for more severe diseases, such as those with varicose ulcers. An EVLA device (called VELAS) has been developed in the Optics and Photonics Research Center of USP-São Carlos in agreement with FMB-UNESP. In this study, we present the preliminary results of the VELAS device (MMO 980nm diode) in patients with chronic venous ulcer, associated with echo-guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicosities. Primary outcomes were healing time of the venous ulcer, occlusion of the treated veins and treatment-related adverse events. We included 12 patients with insufficient saphenous vein and chronic venous ulcer. Initially, we treated all of them with thermoablation of the insufficient saphenous vein (VELAS), on an outpatient basis, with local anesthesia. After one week of the procedure, we sclerosed the varicosities with polidocanol foam (Tessari technique). The national VELAS device was easily handled. Total venous occlusion occurred in 83.3% of the patients (in seven days) and the association of the techniques was responsible for a wound healing rate of 83.3%, with no adverse events.

Evaluation of quality of life and photoplethysmography in patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated with foam sclerotherapy

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy plays a major role in treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, providing clinical and hemodynamic improvement to patients undergoing treatment.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between venous refilling time and impact of venous disease on quality of life and between changes in venous refilling time and improvement of symptoms after ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency. METHODS: Thirty-two patients classified as C4, C5 or C6 answered a questionnaire on quality of life and symptoms and their venous filling time was measured using photoplethysmography before and 45 days after treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy.RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed in quality of life scores and in venous filling time and in the following symptoms: aching, heavy legs, restless legs, swelling, burning sensations, and throbbing (p<0.0001). A similar improvement was also seen in the work and social domains of quality of life (p<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: As confirmed by questionnaire scores and venous refilling times, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy demonstrated efficacy and resulted in high satisfaction levels and low rates of major complications.

CONTEXTO: A escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom (EGUS) ocupa lugar de destaque no tratamento da insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC), proporcionando melhora clínica e hemodinâmica aos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento.OBJETIVOS: Verificar a correlação entre dados obtidos por questionário de qualidade de vida e de sintomas com dados obtidos por fotopletismografia (FPG), antes e depois do tratamento por escleroterapia com espuma guiada por ultrassom (EGUS) da insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC). MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 32 pacientes, classificados como C4, C5 e C6, foi submetido à aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida e sintomas, sendo aferido o tempo de enchimento venoso (TEV) por FPG antes e 45 dias depois do tratamento da IVC através de EGUS. O teste do sinal foi utilizado para análise estatística da melhora dos escores dos questionários e do TEV. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para avaliação da melhora nos sintomas e do impacto do tratamento nas atividades laborais e sociais dos pacientes.RESULTADOS: Houve melhora nos escores dos questionários de qualidade de vida e no TEV, com significância estatística (p<0,0001). Houve melhora estatisticamente significativa nos sintomas: dor, cansaço, edema, queimação, pernas inquietas e latejamento (p<0,0001). Incremento na qualidade laboral e social após o tratamento apresentou melhora estatisticamente significativa (p<0,0001). Não ocorreram complicações maiores ou efeitos adversos nesta série.CONCLUSÕES: A EGUS mostrou-se eficaz, com alto índice de satisfação e baixas taxas de complicacões maiores, ratificada pelos escores dos questionários e pelos TEVs aferidos pela FPG.

Cross-sectional study comparing different therapeutic modalities for cystic lymphangiomas in children

OBJECTIVE: Here, we describe our experience with different therapeutic modalities used to treat cystic lymphangiomas in children in our hospital, including single therapy with OK-432, bleomycin and surgery, and a combination of the three modalities. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients treated from 1998 to 2011. The effects on macrocystic lymphangiomas and adverse reactions were evaluated. Twenty-nine children with cystic lymphangiomas without any previous treatment were included. Under general anesthesia, patients given sclerosing agents underwent puncture of the lesion (guided by ultrasound when necessary) and complete aspiration of the intralesional liquid. The patients were evaluated with ultrasound and clinical examinations for a maximum follow-up time of 4 years. RESULTS: The proportions of patients considered cured after the first therapeutic approach were 44% in the surgery group, 29% in the bleomycin group and 31% in the OK-432 group. These proportions were not significantly different. Sequential treatment increased the rates of curative results to 71%, 74% and 44%, respectively, after the final treatment, which in our case was approximately 1.5 applications per patient. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that most patients with cystic lymphangiomas do not show complete resolution after the initial therapy, regardless of whether the therapy is surgical or involves the use of sclerosing agents. To achieve complete resolution of the lesions, either multiple operations or a combination of surgery and sclerotherapy must be used and should be tailored to the characteristics of each patient. .

Tratamiento paliativo de los derrames pleurales malignos mediante abrasión química / Palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions with chemical abrasion

Introducción: el tratamiento del derrame pleural maligno constituye un reto para los cirujanos. Su erradicación permanente ha constituido un largo bregar, y para ello se ha utilizado un numeroso grupo de sustancias. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados del uso de diferentes sustancias químicas para conseguir la fusión de las pleuras en el derrame pleural maligno. Métodos: fueron estudiados 116 pacientes con derrames malignos de pleura tratados mediante toracocentesis y escleroterapia química en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo entre enero de 2001 y el 2013. El diagnóstico del 100 por ciento de los pacientes fue clínico e imaginológico, con estudio del líquido pleural. Después de la toma de muestra se evacuó todo el contenido mediante un catéter colector y la instilación de la solución esclerosante. Como agentes irritantes se utilizó bleomicina, tetraciclina, amoxicilina y povidona yodada. Resultados: la causa más frecuente de derrame pleural resultó ser el cáncer de mama, seguido por el de pulmón y el ovario. En el hombre fue más frecuente el cáncer de pulmón y en la mujer el cáncer de mama. Predominó el sexo femenino y, específicamente, la sexta década de la vida. El 52,4 por ciento de los pacientes necesitó dos sesiones terapéuticas y el 15,6 por ciento no presentó recidiva después de la primera sesión. Conclusiones: los resultados fueron similares con todas las sustancias utilizadas. La intervención paliativa logró mejorar la calidad de vida al aliviar los síntomas de los pacientes y disminuir la hospitalización(AU)

Introduction: the treatment of the malignant pleural effusion poses a challenge for the surgeons, its permanent eradication has been a long struggle based on the use of a number of substances. Objective: To show the results of the use of different chemical substances to fuse the pleuras in malignant pleural effusion. Methods: one hundred and sixteen patients with malignant pleural effusions, who were treated with thoracentesis and chemical sclerotherapy at Comandante Manuel Fajardo university hospital from January 2001 through January 2013, participated in the study. Their diagnosis was based on clinical examination and imaging, with additional pleural fluid study. After the sample-taking, a collecting catheter and an instilled sclerosing solution were used to remove the whole pleural content, whereas bleomycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin and povidone iodine acted as irritating agents. Results: the most frequent cause of pleural effusion was breast cancer, followed by lung and ovary cancers. The lung cancer was commonest in men and breast cancer in females. Females and the age of 60 years prevailed. In this group, 52.4 por ciento required two therapeutic sessions and 15.6 por ciento showed no relapse after the first session. Conclusions: the results were similar with all the used substances. The palliative intervention succeeded in improving the quality of life, releasing symptoms and reducing hospitalization(AU)

Ethanol sclerotherapy of head and neck venous malformations / Escleroterapia com etanol em malformações venosas da cabeça e pescoço

Objective This retrospective study evaluated the results of sclerotherapy with low doses of ethanol for treatment of head and neck venous malformations. Methods We treated 51 patients, 37 females. Median age was 23 years. Patients were treated with percutaneous intralesional injection of alcohol every two weeks and followed up prospectively for a median period of 18 months. Most lesions affected the face and cosmetic disfigurement was the most frequent complaint. Results We performed a median of 7 sessions of sclerotherapy. Complete resolution or improvement was observed in 48 patients presented. Five cases of small skin ulceration, two cases of hyperpigmentation and two of paresthesia were documented; all of them were treated conservatively. Conclusion Percutaneous sclerotherapy with low doses of ethanol is a safe and effective treatment modality for venous malformations affecting the head and neck. .

Objetivo Estudo retrospectivo que analisou os resultados da escleroterapia, com doses baixas de etanol, realizada sob anestesia local para tratamento de malformações venosas na cabeça e pescoço. Métodos Foram tratados 51 pacientes, sendo 37 do gênero feminino. A mediana de idade foi de 23 anos. Os pacientes foram tratados com injeções alcoólicas nas lesões, por via percutânea, em sessões quinzenais, e acompanhados prospectivamente por um período mediano de 18 meses. A maioria das lesões acometia a face e a queixa principal mais frequente foi deformidade estética. Resultados Foram realizadas, em média, sete sessões de escleroterapia. Resolução completa ou melhora foi observada em 48 pacientes. Cinco pacientes apresentaram pequena úlcera cutânea, dois hiperpigmentação e dois parestesia, sendo todos tratados conservadoramente. Conclusão A escleroterapia percutânea com doses baixas de etanol é um método seguro e eficaz para tratar malformações venosas na cabeça e pescoço. .

Sclerotherapy in the management of varicose veins and its dermatological complications.

Background: Varicose veins and its dermatological complications like stasis dermatitis, ulcers, spontaneous bleeding are commonly seen in the dermatology clinics. Surgery has been the most often used treatment for varicose veins. Sclerotherapy refers to introduction of sclerosing solution into the varicose veins, which causes endothelial damage and subsequent fibrosis. Sclerotherapy is being practised extensively by dermatosurgeons in the west. However, there are no Indian studies which specifically evaluate the role of sclerotherapy in the management of varicose veins and its skin complications. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy in managing varicose veins and its complications. Aims: To study the safety and efficacy of sclerotherapy in the treatment of varicose veins and its dermatological complications. Methods: This is a prospective study involving 50 patients with varicose veins and its dermatological complications attending the dermatology out-patient department. The study was conducted over a period of 18 months. After thorough clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation, the patients were treated with sclerotherapy using Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate of various concentrations depending on the vessel size. The patients were then followed up to look for disappearance of veins, healing of ulcers and eczema, and any complications.Results: Patients showed a good response to treatment with sclerotherapy. 70-80% of patients showed symptomatic improvement along with disappearance of veins and healing of eczema and ulcers. Most of the complications were minor, which resolved over a period of few weeks. Conclusion : Sclerotherapy is a simple, safe and effective procedure for the treatment of varicose veins and its dermatological complications. The procedure is particularly effective for smaller, early varicosities and also for residual veins after surgery. Hence we recommend more and more of our fellow dermatologists to take up this procedure, which can be an efficient tool to manage patients with varicose veins and its related complications.

Uso de OK-432 (Picibanil) como alternativa no quirúrgica para el manejo de ránulas y mucoceles / The use of OK-432 (Picibanil) as a non-surgical alterantive for the management of ranula and mucoceles

Mucocele y ránula, son términos clínicos aplicados para describir un pseudoquiste asociado con extravasación mucosa en los tejidos circundantes, donde se hallen glándulas salivales menores. Estas lesiones ocurren como resultado de un trauma del conducto excretor de laglándula salival o por la obstrucción de flujo salival por otra lesión asociada, como un sialolito o un tapón bacteriano. Estas patologías se originan en una glándula salival menor y son también conocidos como fenómeno de retenciónmucosa o reacción de escape mucoso.El manejo de estas lesiones es quirúrgico en todos los casos, sin embargo, presenta algunas dificultades propias del evento, complicacionespostquirúrgicas y secuelas permanentes en el paciente; en la actualidad se ha manejado este tipo de lesiones con otro tipo de terapéutica, como escleroterapia, uso de toxina Botulínicatipo A, LASER, o el OK-432 (Picibanil), que es una mezcla de Streptococo Pyogenes del grupo A mermado en su virulencia y penicilina G en polvo liofilizado que funciona como agente esclerosante para linfangiomas y agenteantineoplásico. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográficaacerca de esta patología y una nuevaopción de tratamiento con este medicamento, sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones, así como su administración, reacciones secundarias y complicaciones durante el manejo de lesiones reactivas asociadas a las glándulas salivales menores.

Uso de Cianoacrilato en la Terapia Endoscópica de Várices Gástricas: experiencia en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins del 2006 al 2010 / Use of cyanoacrylate in the endoscopic therapy of gastric varices: experience in the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins from 2006 to 2010

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el éxito terapéutico de la inyección de N-butil-2-cianoacrilato en el tratamiento de las várices gástricas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal que incluyó 33 pacientes con várices gástricas que sólo recibieron terapia endoscópica con cianoacrilato entre el 2006 al 2010. El cianoacrilato fue inyectado intravaricealmente en una dilución 1:1 con lipiodol hasta obtener la obturación de las várices. La situación terapéutica fue: Hemorragia activa, várices con estigmas de sangrado reciente y profilaxis secundaria. El éxito del tratamiento se evaluó según la hemostasia, recurrencia de sangrado y obturación. RESULTADOS: De los 33 pacientes, 3 (9.1%) fueron por hemorragia activa, 20 (60.6%) con estigmas de sangrado reciente y 10 (30.3%) como profilaxis secundaria. Las várices fueron GOV2, 17 (51.5%); IGV1, 14 (42.4%) y GOV1, 2 (6.1%). Se logró hemostasia total en 21 (91.3%) pacientes con sangrado agudo o reciente y en 2 (66.7%) de 3 sujetos con sangrado activo. En 5 (15.6%) pacientes hubo recurrencia de sangrado y 2 de ellos recibieron cianoacrilato con éxito de hemostasia. Se logró obturación en 25 (75.8%) del total de pacientes. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron, uno por fracaso del control de sangrado. La mayor severidad de clasificación Child-Pugh se relacionó con falla terapéutica (p=0.034). La complicación principal fue el sangrado post-inyección del cianoacrilato. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados favorecen el uso de cianoacrilato en el tratamiento de várices gástricas, con raras complicaciones mayores.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic success of the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the treatment of gastric varices. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 33 patients with gastric varices who only received cyanoacrylate endoscopic therapy between 2006 and 2010. Intravariceally, cyanoacrylate was injected in a 1:1 dilution with lipiodol until the obliteration of varices. The therapeutic situation was: active bleeding, varices with stigmata of recent bleeding and secondary prophylaxis. Treatment success was evaluated according to hemostasis, recurrent bleeding and obliteration. RESULTS: Of the 33 patients, 3 (9.1%) were for active bleeding, 20 (60.6%) with stigmata of recent bleeding and 10 (30.3%) as secondary prophylaxis. Gastric varices were GOV2, 17 (51.5%); IGV1, 14 (42.4%); GOV1, 2 (6.1%). Hemostasis was achieved in 21 (91.3%) and in 2 (66.7%) of 3 patients with active bleeding. Five (15.6%) patients had recurrent bleeding and 2 of them used cyanoacrylate with successful hemostasis. Obliteration was achieved in 25 (75.8%). Four patients died and one for failure of control bleeding. A high severity of Child-Pugh classification was related to treatment endoscopic failure (p=0.034). The main complication was bleeding after the injection of cyanoacrylate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of cyanoacrylate in the treatment of gastric varices with few major complications.

Ruptured duodenal varices arising from the main portal vein successfully treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: a case report / 대한간학회지

Duodenal varices result from retroperitoneal portosystemic shunts that usually come from the pancreaticoduodenal vein and drain into the inferior vena cava. Because they are a rare but fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, a prompt hemostatic intervention is mandatory. A 62-year-old man who had a history of excessive alcohol consumption presented with massive hematemesis and melena. Emergent endoscopy revealed ruptured varices with an adhering whitish fibrin clot on the postbulbar portion of the duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a cirrhotic liver with venous collaterals around the duodenum and extravasated contrast in the second and third portions. The collaterals originated from the main portal vein and drained via the right renal vein into the inferior vena cava. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with cyanoacrylate was successful in achieving hemostasis, and resulted in the near eradication of duodenal varices at a 6-month follow-up.

Lip cavernous hemangioma in a young child

Hemangiomas are benign tumors of infancy and childhood, characterized by a phase of fast growth with endothelial cell proliferation, occurring in 10-12 percent of children at 1 year of age. It is known that hemangiomas of infancy are most commonly located on the head and neck region (around 60 percent of cases) and occur more frequently in the lips, tongue, and palate. Approximately 50 percent of hemangiomas have complete resolution, and 90 percent of them are resolved up to the age of 9. Complications occur in only 20 percent of the cases, the most common problem being ulceration with or without infection. The treatment depends on lesion location, size and evolution stage, and the patient's age. Surgery is usually indicated when there is no response to systemic treatments, or even for esthetic reasons, being performed as a simple excision in combination or not with plastic surgery. This paper reports a case of lip cavernous hemangioma in a 4-year-old child, who was submitted to 3 sessions of vascular sclerosis due to the size of the lesion, before undergoing simple excision of the hemangioma. Two years of postoperative clinical follow-up shows treatment success with no recurrence of the lesion.

Hemangiomas são tumores benignos da infância que se caracterizam por uma fase de crescimento rápido com proliferação de células endoteliais, ocorrendo em 10 a 12 por cento das crianças com 1 ano de idade. Sua localização mais comum é nos lábios, na língua, mucosa jugal e no palato. Aproximadamente 50 por cento dos casos de hemangioma mostram completa resolução e 90 por cento deles resolvem-se até os 9 anos de idade. As complicações ocorrem em apenas 20 por cento dos casos e o problema mais comum é a ulceração com ou sem infecção. O tratamento depende da localização, do tamanho e do estágio evolutivo da lesão, bem como da idade do paciente. A cirurgia geralmente é indicada quando não há resposta aos tratamentos sistêmicos ou por razões estéticas, podendo ser empregada sob forma de exérese simples com ou sem plástica. Este artigo apresenta um caso de hemangioma cavernoso labial em uma criança de 4 anos de idade, a qual, devido ao tamanho da lesão, foi submetida a 3 sessões de esclerose vascular seguido de exérese simples da lesão, com acompanhamento clínico de 2 anos de pós-operatório.